Is the statement "Angle made by the incident ray with the reflecting surface is the angle of incidence" correct?

When a ray of light passes from one medium to another,which quantity remains constant?

$A$ transparent slab of thickness $d$ has a refractive index $n(z)$ that increases with $z$. Here $z$ is the vertical distance inside the slab,measured from the top. The slab is placed between two media with uniform refractive indices $n_1$ and $n_2 (> n_1)$,as shown in the figure. $A$ ray of light is incident with angle $\theta_i$ from medium $1$ and emerges in medium $2$ with refraction angle $\theta_f$ with a lateral displacement $l$. Which of the following statement$(s)$ is(are) true?
$(A)$ $n_1 \sin \theta_i = n_2 \sin \theta_f$
$(B)$ $n_1 \sin \theta_i = (n_2 - n_1) \sin \theta_f$
$(C)$ $l$ is independent of $n_2$
$(D)$ $l$ is dependent on $n(z)$

What is refraction of light?

An observer can see through a small hole on the side of a jar (radius $15\, cm$) at a point at a height of $15\, cm$ from the bottom (see figure). The hole is at a height of $45\, cm$. When the jar is filled with a liquid up to a height of $30\, cm$,the same observer can see the edge at the bottom of the jar. If the refractive index of the liquid is $N/100$,where $N$ is an integer,the value of $N$ is $.....$

$A$ light ray passes through four transparent media with refractive indices $\mu_1, \mu_2, \mu_3$ and $\mu_4$ as shown in the figure. All surfaces are parallel to each other. If the emergent ray $CD$ is parallel to the incident ray $AB$,then: